TY - JOUR
T1 - Role of inflammatory molecules in the Alzheimer's disease progression and diagnosis
AU - Bagyinszky, Eva
AU - Giau, Vo Van
AU - Shim, Kyuhwan
AU - Suk, Kyoungho
AU - An, Seong Soo A.
AU - Kim, Sung Yun
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2017/5/15
Y1 - 2017/5/15
N2 - Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex disorder and the most common form of neurodegenerative dementia. Several genetic, environmental, and physiological factors, including inflammations and metabolic influences, are involved in the progression of AD. Inflammations are composed of complicated networks of many chemokines and cytokines with diverse cells. Inflammatory molecules are needed for the protection against pathogens, and maintaining their balances is important for normal physiological function. Recent studies demonstrated that inflammation may be involved in neurodegenerative dementia. Cellular immune components, such as microglia or astrocytes, mediate the release of inflammatory molecules, including tumor necrosis factor, growth factors, adhesion molecules, or chemokines. Over- and underexpression of pro- and anti-inflammatory molecules, respectively, may result in neuroinflammation and thus disease initiation and progression. In addition, levels of several inflammatory factors were reported to be altered in the brain or bodily fluids of patients with AD, reflecting their neuropathological changes. Therefore, simultaneous detection of several inflammatory molecules in the early or pre-symptomatic stage may improve the early diagnosis of AD. Further studies are needed to determine, how induction or inhibition of inflammatory factors could be used for AD therapies. This review summarizes the role or possible role of immune cells and inflammatory molecules in disease progression or prevention.
AB - Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex disorder and the most common form of neurodegenerative dementia. Several genetic, environmental, and physiological factors, including inflammations and metabolic influences, are involved in the progression of AD. Inflammations are composed of complicated networks of many chemokines and cytokines with diverse cells. Inflammatory molecules are needed for the protection against pathogens, and maintaining their balances is important for normal physiological function. Recent studies demonstrated that inflammation may be involved in neurodegenerative dementia. Cellular immune components, such as microglia or astrocytes, mediate the release of inflammatory molecules, including tumor necrosis factor, growth factors, adhesion molecules, or chemokines. Over- and underexpression of pro- and anti-inflammatory molecules, respectively, may result in neuroinflammation and thus disease initiation and progression. In addition, levels of several inflammatory factors were reported to be altered in the brain or bodily fluids of patients with AD, reflecting their neuropathological changes. Therefore, simultaneous detection of several inflammatory molecules in the early or pre-symptomatic stage may improve the early diagnosis of AD. Further studies are needed to determine, how induction or inhibition of inflammatory factors could be used for AD therapies. This review summarizes the role or possible role of immune cells and inflammatory molecules in disease progression or prevention.
KW - Alzheimer's disease
KW - Diagnosis
KW - Inflammation
KW - Neurodegeneration
KW - Neuroprotection
KW - Oxidative stress
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85016398959&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jns.2017.03.031
DO - 10.1016/j.jns.2017.03.031
M3 - Review article
C2 - 28431620
AN - SCOPUS:85016398959
SN - 0022-510X
VL - 376
SP - 242
EP - 254
JO - Journal of the Neurological Sciences
JF - Journal of the Neurological Sciences
ER -