Serum concentrations of leptin and adiponectin in dogs with chronic kidney disease

Background: An imbalance in adipokines is associated with the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in humans. However, alterations in adipokines in dogs with CKD remain unclear. Objectives: To examine whether adipokine concentrations in serum differ between healthy dogs and dogs with CKD and to determine the correlation between serum adipokine concentrations and CKD severity in dogs. Animals: Twenty dogs with CKD and 10 healthy dogs. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, serum concentrations of leptin, adiponectin, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, IL-18, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were measured in healthy dogs and dogs with CKD, which were classified according to the International Renal Interest Society guidelines. Results: Serum leptin concentrations were positively correlated with systolic arterial blood pressure (r =.41), creatinine concentrations (r =.39), and symmetric dimethylarginine concentrations (r =.73). Serum adiponectin concentrations (median [range]) in CKD dogs with borderline or non-proteinuric (20.25 [14.9-45.8] ng/mL) were significantly higher than those in proteinuric CKD dogs (13.95 [6.4-22.1] ng/mL; P =.01). Serum IL-6 (median [range]; 43.27 [24.30-537.30] vs 25.63 [6.83-61.03] pg/mL; P =.02), IL-18 (median [range]; 25.98 [11.52-280.55] vs 10.77 [3.53-38.45] pg/mL; P =.01), and TNF-α (median [range]) concentrations (11.44 [8.54-38.45] vs 6.105 [3.97-30.68] pg/mL; P =.02) were significantly different between proteinuric and borderline or non-proteinuric CKD dogs. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: leptin and adiponectin concentrations in serum might be associated with severity of CKD and proteinuria in dogs with CKD, respectively.