Abstract
The sense of smell along with taste is a form of chemoreception, and it plays a critical role in the life and survival of animals, such as avoiding predators, finding receptive mates, recognizing trails and territory, and locating food. Mammals have two distinct olfactory systems - the main olfactory system and the accessory olfactory system (used mainly to detect pheromones). Smell is mediated by specialized sensory neurons in the nasal cavity. The chemicals stimulating the sensory neurons, in general at very low concentrations (at piconano molar scales), are called odorants. Once the odorants bind to a specific receptor (i.e., odorant receptors) in the sensory neurons, olfactory signal transduction is initiated. Humans can differentiate more than 10. 000 odorants.
Original language | English |
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Title of host publication | Encyclopedia of the Neurological Sciences |
Publisher | Elsevier Inc. |
Pages | 216-220 |
Number of pages | 5 |
ISBN (Electronic) | 9780123851574 |
ISBN (Print) | 9780123851581 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - 1 Jan 2014 |
Keywords
- Amygdala
- Artificial nose
- CAMP
- CGMP
- Glomeruli
- Odor
- Odorant
- Odorant receptor
- Olfaction
- Olfactory bulb
- Olfactory epithelium
- Olfactory tract
- Pheromone
- Sensory system
- Vomeronasal organ