TY - JOUR
T1 - Spatial distribution and source identification of indicator polychlorinated biphenyls in soil collected from the coastal multi-industrial city of Ulsan, South Korea for three consecutive years
AU - Nguyen, Tuyet Nam Thi
AU - Kwon, Hye Ok
AU - Lee, Yun Se
AU - Kim, Leesun
AU - Lee, Sung Eun
AU - Choi, Sung Deuk
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2016/11/1
Y1 - 2016/11/1
N2 - The concentrations, profiles, and source-receptor relationships of seven indicator polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) (#28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153, and 180) found in soil at 25 rural, urban, and industrial sites in Ulsan, South Korea were investigated. For this study, 75 soil samples were collected, 25 each in January of 2011, 2012, and 2013. Principal component analysis was used to evaluate the influence of the emission sources on the soil samples. The concentrations of total seven PCBs (Σ7 PCBs) ranged between 0.034 ng/g and 143 ng/g (mean: 5.10 ng/g, median: 0.440 ng/g), which indicated slight or moderate contamination levels, respectively, compared to those in the other countries or other cities in Korea. The concentrations of Σ7 PCBs at the industrial and urban sites were significantly higher than those at the rural sites, due to the direct influence of emission sources related to industrial activities rather than urban emission sources. Generally, the profiles of PCBs were dominated by penta- and hexa-chlorinated biphenyls at all the study sites, suggesting common sources of PCBs in Ulsan. PCB source identification indicated that leakage from transformer oils in the major industrial complexes and PCB-containing paints used in the automobile and shipbuilding industrial complexes were possibly the main sources of indicator PCBs in the study areas.
AB - The concentrations, profiles, and source-receptor relationships of seven indicator polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) (#28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153, and 180) found in soil at 25 rural, urban, and industrial sites in Ulsan, South Korea were investigated. For this study, 75 soil samples were collected, 25 each in January of 2011, 2012, and 2013. Principal component analysis was used to evaluate the influence of the emission sources on the soil samples. The concentrations of total seven PCBs (Σ7 PCBs) ranged between 0.034 ng/g and 143 ng/g (mean: 5.10 ng/g, median: 0.440 ng/g), which indicated slight or moderate contamination levels, respectively, compared to those in the other countries or other cities in Korea. The concentrations of Σ7 PCBs at the industrial and urban sites were significantly higher than those at the rural sites, due to the direct influence of emission sources related to industrial activities rather than urban emission sources. Generally, the profiles of PCBs were dominated by penta- and hexa-chlorinated biphenyls at all the study sites, suggesting common sources of PCBs in Ulsan. PCB source identification indicated that leakage from transformer oils in the major industrial complexes and PCB-containing paints used in the automobile and shipbuilding industrial complexes were possibly the main sources of indicator PCBs in the study areas.
KW - PCBs
KW - Soil
KW - Source identification
KW - Spatial distribution
KW - Ulsan
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84981715354&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.08.014
DO - 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.08.014
M3 - Article
C2 - 27537401
AN - SCOPUS:84981715354
SN - 0045-6535
VL - 163
SP - 184
EP - 191
JO - Chemosphere
JF - Chemosphere
ER -