Study on energy consumption characteristics of passenger electric vehicle according to the regenerative braking stages during real-world driving conditions

Electric vehicles are affected by various factors such as the ambient temperature, traffic conditions, driver behavior, vehicle weight, and route characteristics. This study evaluated the energy efficiency of an electric SUV with regenerative braking system under real-world driving conditions. Data were collected using a controller area network while driving on the same route at each regenerative braking stage. Chassis dynamometer tests were performed to verify battery consumption during acceleration and regenerative braking. From the real-world driving test, it was determined that as the regenerative braking stage increased, the battery consumption (excluding regenerative braking) and energy recovered. However, the net battery consumption decreased. In addition, as the speed increased, the energy consumption increased in the order of urban, rural, and motorway sections owing to the air resistance and rolling resistance. Although the energy efficiency tended to increase with the regenerative braking stage, we observed that the real-world driving environment also had an impact. Therefore, in energy efficiency evaluation research, it is essential to analyze the results that reflect the various influencing factors in real-world driving environments and to verify the characteristics of each regenerative braking stage through chassis dynamometer tests.