Study on Faraday's law for the non-uniform magnetic field produced by a permanent magnet

According to Faraday's law, the induced electromotive force (EMF) for a uniform magnetic field is linearly proportional to the number of turns in a coil. However, the induced emf for a non-uniform magnetic field produced by a permanent magnet is different from that for a uniform magnetic field. In this study, we treated the permanent magnet as a magnetic dipole moment and obtained the general solution for the emf induced in a coil due to the permanent magnet. Our theoretical predictions are in good agreement with the experimental results to within 5%. We also found that the induced emf due to the permanent magnet depended on the distance between neighboring loops as well as the number of turns in the coil.