The blood cerebrospinal fluid barrier orchestrates immunosurveillance, immunoprotection, and immunopathology in the central nervous system

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Abstract

Once characterized as an immune privileged area, recent scientific advances have demonstrated that the central nervous system (CNS) is both immunologically active and a specialized site. The anatomical and cellular features of the brain barriers, the glia limitans, and other superficial coverings of the CNS endow the brain with specificity for immune cell entry and other macroand micro-elements to the brain. Cellular trafficking via barriers comprised of tightly junctioned non-fenestrated endothelium or tightly regulated fenestrated epithelium results in different phenotypic and cellular changes in the brain, that is, inflammatory versus regulatory changes. Based on emerging evidence, we described the unique ability of the blood cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB) to recruit, skew, and suppress immune cells. Additionally, we sum up the current knowledge on both cellular and molecular mechanisms governed by the choroid plexus and the cerebrospinal fluid at the BCSFB for immunosurveillance, immunoprotection, and immunopathology.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)196-202
Number of pages7
JournalBMB Reports
Volume54
Issue number4
DOIs
StatePublished - 2021

Keywords

  • Brain barriers
  • Choroid plexus
  • Immunoregulation
  • Neuroimmune communication

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