The Effects of Human–Horse Interactions on Oxytocin and Cortisol Levels in Humans and Horses

Human–horse interaction programs are becoming increasingly popular for improving well-being, yet their biological effects on both humans and horses remain unclear. This study explored whether interactive activities influence oxytocin, a hormone linked to social bonding, and cortisol, a hormone associated with stress, in both humans and horses. The results showed that salivary oxytocin levels in humans did not significantly increase following interactive activities, whereas plasma oxytocin levels in horses significantly increased after standing with humans or being rubbed by them. Cortisol levels remained unchanged in both humans and horses across all activities. These findings suggest that human–horse interactions may strengthen social bonds in horses while not eliciting a stress response in either species. This research provides scientific evidence supporting the benefits of human–horse interaction programs, contributing to the development and advancement of animal-assisted interventions aimed at enhancing both human and animal well-being.