TY - JOUR
T1 - The volume effect of lidocaine on thoracic epidural anesthesia in conscious Beagle dogs
AU - Son, Won gyun
AU - Jang, Min
AU - Jo, Sang min
AU - Yoon, Junghee
AU - Lee, Inhyung
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2014 Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists and the American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia.
PY - 2015/7/1
Y1 - 2015/7/1
N2 - Objective: To evaluate the volume effect of local anesthetic solution on thoracic epidural analgesia in dogs. Study design: Prospective, experimental trial. Animals: Five healthy adult Beagle dogs weighing 9.7 ± 1.3 kg. Methods: A catheter was inserted into the seventh thoracic epidural space using a lumbosacral approach, and secured with suture under total intravenous (IV) anesthesia with propofol. Each dog was administered four volume treatments (0.05, 0.10, 0.15 and 0.20 mL kg-1) of 2% lidocaine via the catheter at 12 hour intervals. In every treatment, dogs were re-anesthetized with propofol (6 mg kg-1, IV) and isoflurane, and received iohexol at each volume to visualize the epidural distribution (ED) through computed tomography. Three hours after epidurography, when dogs had recovered from anesthesia, the appropriate volume of lidocaine was injected through the catheter, and sensory blockade (SB) in dermatomes was evaluated by pinching with a mosquito forceps. Results were presented as median (range), and the volume effect on ED and SB was analyzed with one-way Kruskal-Wallis anova. Results: In proportion to volumes (0.05, 0.10, 0.15 and 0.20 mL kg-1), there were significant increases in the extent of ED from 7.4 (5.5-9.0) to 10.4 (8.0-12.0), 13.2 (12.5-13.0), and 15.2 (13.0-18.0) vertebrae, respectively, p < 0.001, and in SB from 2.7 (1.0-5.0) to 6.8 (4.5-10.5), 9.9 (6.5-13.0), and 13.1 (11.0-15.0) dermatomes, respectively, p < 0.001. Unilateral ED and SB were observed in all treatments with various grades, and this distribution was more frequent in the low volume treatments. In the high volume treatments, temporary complications including Horner's syndrome, ataxia, paraplegia, depression, stupor, and intermittent cough occurred often. Conclusions and clinical relevance: The increase in volume of local anesthetic solution improved SB by resulting in more consistent bilateral dermatome blockade as well as an extended blockade. However, caution should be exerted, as higher volume injections of lidocaine caused side effects in all dogs.
AB - Objective: To evaluate the volume effect of local anesthetic solution on thoracic epidural analgesia in dogs. Study design: Prospective, experimental trial. Animals: Five healthy adult Beagle dogs weighing 9.7 ± 1.3 kg. Methods: A catheter was inserted into the seventh thoracic epidural space using a lumbosacral approach, and secured with suture under total intravenous (IV) anesthesia with propofol. Each dog was administered four volume treatments (0.05, 0.10, 0.15 and 0.20 mL kg-1) of 2% lidocaine via the catheter at 12 hour intervals. In every treatment, dogs were re-anesthetized with propofol (6 mg kg-1, IV) and isoflurane, and received iohexol at each volume to visualize the epidural distribution (ED) through computed tomography. Three hours after epidurography, when dogs had recovered from anesthesia, the appropriate volume of lidocaine was injected through the catheter, and sensory blockade (SB) in dermatomes was evaluated by pinching with a mosquito forceps. Results were presented as median (range), and the volume effect on ED and SB was analyzed with one-way Kruskal-Wallis anova. Results: In proportion to volumes (0.05, 0.10, 0.15 and 0.20 mL kg-1), there were significant increases in the extent of ED from 7.4 (5.5-9.0) to 10.4 (8.0-12.0), 13.2 (12.5-13.0), and 15.2 (13.0-18.0) vertebrae, respectively, p < 0.001, and in SB from 2.7 (1.0-5.0) to 6.8 (4.5-10.5), 9.9 (6.5-13.0), and 13.1 (11.0-15.0) dermatomes, respectively, p < 0.001. Unilateral ED and SB were observed in all treatments with various grades, and this distribution was more frequent in the low volume treatments. In the high volume treatments, temporary complications including Horner's syndrome, ataxia, paraplegia, depression, stupor, and intermittent cough occurred often. Conclusions and clinical relevance: The increase in volume of local anesthetic solution improved SB by resulting in more consistent bilateral dermatome blockade as well as an extended blockade. However, caution should be exerted, as higher volume injections of lidocaine caused side effects in all dogs.
KW - Dog
KW - Lidocaine
KW - Neurologic effects
KW - Thoracic epidural
KW - Volume
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84930791545&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1111/vaa.12232
DO - 10.1111/vaa.12232
M3 - Article
C2 - 25327756
AN - SCOPUS:84930791545
SN - 1467-2987
VL - 42
SP - 414
EP - 424
JO - Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia
JF - Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia
IS - 4
ER -