Understanding Sensory Perception and Cognitive Abilities Based on the Elderly’s Capability for Independent Evacuation

As societies age, ensuring elderly safety during evacuations is crucial. However, research on elderly-specific evacuation patterns, particularly sensory and cognitive factors, remains limited. Given age-related declines, tailored strategies are essential, especially in long-term care facilities. This study examines the impact of visual, auditory, and cognitive levels on independent evacuation capability among the elderly. Data were collected through an on-site survey, and the findings indicate that cognitive ability is the most critical factor, followed by visual and auditory perception. Those unable to evacuate independently had significantly poorer cognitive function, vision, and hearing, hindering route recognition and decision-making. This study highlights the need for elderly-friendly evacuation systems and calls for further research on cognitive-based evacuation methods to improve emergency preparedness.