TY - JOUR
T1 - Urine and serum metabolite profiling of rats fed a high-fat diet and the anti-obesity effects of caffeine consumption
AU - Kim, Hyang Yeon
AU - Lee, Mee Youn
AU - Park, Hye Min
AU - Park, Yoo Kyoung
AU - Shon, Jong Cheol
AU - Liu, Kwang Hyeon
AU - Lee, Choong Hwan
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2015 by the authors licensee MDPI.
PY - 2015/2/1
Y1 - 2015/2/1
N2 - In this study, we investigated the clinical changes induced by a high fat diet (HFD) and caffeine consumption in a rat model. The mean body weight of the HFD with caffeine (HFDC)-fed rat was decreased compared to that of the HFD-fed rat without caffeine. The levels of cholesterol, triglycerides (TGs), and free fatty acid, as well as the size of adipose tissue altered by HFD, were improved by caffeine consumption. To investigate the metabolites that affected the change of the clinical factors, the urine and serum of rats fed a normal diet (ND), HFD, and HFDC were analyzed using ultra performance liquid chromatography quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS), gas chromatography (GC-TOF-MS), and linear trap quadruple mass spectrometry (LTQ-XL-MS) combined with multivariate analysis. A total of 68 and 52 metabolites were found to be different in urine and serum, respectively. After being fed caffeine, some glucuronide-conjugated compounds, lysoPCs, CEs, DGs, TGs, taurine, and hippuric acid were altered compared to the HFD group. In this study, caffeine might potentially inhibit HFD-induced obesity and we suggest possible biomarker candidates using MS-based metabolite profiling.
AB - In this study, we investigated the clinical changes induced by a high fat diet (HFD) and caffeine consumption in a rat model. The mean body weight of the HFD with caffeine (HFDC)-fed rat was decreased compared to that of the HFD-fed rat without caffeine. The levels of cholesterol, triglycerides (TGs), and free fatty acid, as well as the size of adipose tissue altered by HFD, were improved by caffeine consumption. To investigate the metabolites that affected the change of the clinical factors, the urine and serum of rats fed a normal diet (ND), HFD, and HFDC were analyzed using ultra performance liquid chromatography quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS), gas chromatography (GC-TOF-MS), and linear trap quadruple mass spectrometry (LTQ-XL-MS) combined with multivariate analysis. A total of 68 and 52 metabolites were found to be different in urine and serum, respectively. After being fed caffeine, some glucuronide-conjugated compounds, lysoPCs, CEs, DGs, TGs, taurine, and hippuric acid were altered compared to the HFD group. In this study, caffeine might potentially inhibit HFD-induced obesity and we suggest possible biomarker candidates using MS-based metabolite profiling.
KW - Caffeine
KW - High-fat diet
KW - Mass spectrometry
KW - Multivariate analysis
KW - Obesity
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84923306640&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/molecules20023107
DO - 10.3390/molecules20023107
M3 - Article
C2 - 25689639
AN - SCOPUS:84923306640
SN - 1420-3049
VL - 20
SP - 3107
EP - 3128
JO - Molecules
JF - Molecules
IS - 2
ER -
